Fig. 85. Women participating in eco-development programme
[Joint Forest Management, Fuel wood and Fodder Plantation, Forest Development Agencies, Vrikshamitra Award, Toilet Complexes, Women’s Cell, IFS Training and gender sensitization, UNDP Project]
Apart from guaranteeing social, economic and political justices and equality before law to all its citizens, the Constitution of India enjoins upon the State to take affirmative steps for promoting women’s advancement in the country. The Ministry has taken many initiatives for incorporating the gender sensitive issues in its policy framework. The main thrust of the implementation strategy is to ensure that the benefits of the programmes reach the women and to promote their empowerment by institutionalizing and deepening their participation in the decision making process at the grass roots level. Some of the initiatives are listed below.
Reckoning that women folk particularly those residing in the habitations located in the fringe of the forest areas have a tremendous stake in the health and productivity of natural resources both for meeting their basic needs of fuelwood and fodder and to improve and heighten the quality of life, the women participation has been inbuilt in the Joint Forest Management Committees which are grassroots level institutions for conservation, protection and management of degraded forests. The following mechanism has been evolved in this regard:
These guidelines are mutatis mutandis applicable to the village level committees constituted under Eco development programme in the Wildlife Sector. It is proposed that similar provision would be made applicable in respect of the Bio-Diversity Management Committees at Panchayat level which are being constituted in pursuance of the Biological Diversity Act 2003.
Fig. 85. Women participating in eco-development programme
Fuel wood and Fodder Plantation
To promote the regeneration, development and rehabilitation of the degraded forests with active involvement of the community, the mechanism of Forest Development Agencies (FDA) has been initiated at the Conservators’ Division level in the country. It is proposed to universalize the FDAs in all the 775 divisions in a phased manner during the Tenth Plan. So far 270 FDAs have been constituted. This is both a financial mechanism as well as a coordinating body for promoting the development of Joint Forest Management in the Afforestation Programme. The major plank of the scheme is to promote micro-planning for afforestation to ensure that the needs of the people for fuelwood and fodder are fully met. This will not only reduce the drudgery of the women but ensure the wage employment. This process will also have multiple impact on the quality of life of the people. The guidelines governing the constitution of the FDAs have also taken note of the gender issues. The following provisions have been made:
General Body
Chairperson - Conservator of Forests
Members:
Presidents of JFMC General Bodies, not more than 50 at any time, to be nominated by Chairperson on rotational basis for a period of one year, of which 20 would be women representatives. In the event adequate number of women chairpersons are not available, the women representatives will be drawn from the members of the General Bodies of JFMCs.
One non-official representative to be nominated by the apex institutional framework of Panchayats.
Range Forest Officers, ACFs/SDFOs.
Executive Body
Fifteen nominees from the JFMCs, to include minimum of 7 women.
Fig. 86. Women are the main actors in agricultural operations in the mountains
To recognise women’s contribution in the field of tree plantation, the Ministry has decided to institute a separate Vrikshamitra award for women from 2002. The award comprises a cash component of Rupees one lakh.
The absence of toilet facilities force the people to defecate openly which particularly puts the women in a difficult and precarious situation. In order to improve the general cleanliness and also to protect the dignity of women of poorer sections, the Ministry as a part of the National River Conservation Plan has been emphasizing the construction of the toilet complexes. The construction of more than 3,600 toilets in six States have been taken up. About 959 community toilet complexes have been built in Delhi alone.
The Ministry has set up a Women Cell to look into the gender related complaints of women employees.
IFS Training and gender sensitization
In the curriculum of the IFS training, the Gender issues relating to Forestry are given a special focus. These issues are addressed as a part of behavioral dimensions in ‘Peoples Centered Forest Management’, ‘Gender perspectives in Forestry’, ‘Gender needs’ and ‘Gender equity in Forest Management’. Apart from the pedagogic methods, dynamic modes are used for providing relevant inputs relating to the role of women.
In order to further strengthen the curriculum of IFS Probationers on gender issues in Forestry, a project on "Training Curriculum and Effectiveness Review on Gender Issues in Forestry and Participatory Forest Management" has been taken up under the funding of the Ford Foundation India. Two workshops were held in Coimbatore and Bhubaneshwar on 9th and 10th of December, 2002 and 26th and 27th of December, 2002 respectively.
Under the UNDP assisted "Participatory Agro Forestry Project for Poverty Alleviation Programme" being implemented in Perur Block of Coimbatore District of Tamilnadu, the following steps have been taken to inculcate a sense of "Ownership, Pride, Responsibility, Progress and Hope" amongst the rural women through the Self Groups constituted under the programme. The main components of the programme are:-